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Dual citizenship offers numerous advantages, facilitating convenience and efficiency while also carrying emotional significance. Many foreigners aspire to obtain dual citizenship in Spain, and this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process. We will explore the complete list of countries eligible for dual citizenship, delve into the benefits it offers, and address the scenario where individuals already possess dual citizenship but seek to acquire Spanish nationality.

Does Spain Allow Dual Citizenship?

While the Spanish Civil Code permits dual citizenship under specific circumstances, there is a general requirement to renounce prior citizenship when applying for and being granted Spanish nationality by residency.

However, an exemption exists for individuals from Ibero-American countries (former Spanish colonies), Equatorial Guinea, the Philippines, and Portugal, who can retain both their original nationality and Spanish citizenship. Notably, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, and Haiti are excluded from the Ibero-American classification, while Puerto Rico is included. Consequently, those holding a British passport, for instance, must renounce their British nationality to obtain Spanish citizenship.

Eligible Countries for Dual Citizenship with Spain

The following countries enjoy a special treatment that allows their citizens to acquire Spanish citizenship without renouncing their original nationality:

1. Andorra
2. Argentina
3. Bolivia
4. Brazil
5. Chile
6. Colombia
7. Costa Rica
8. Cuba
9. Dominican Republic
10. Equatorial Guinea
11. Ecuador
12. Philippines
13. Guatemala
14. Honduras
15. Mexico
16. Nicaragua
17. Panama
18. Paraguay
19. Peru
20. Portugal
21. Puerto Rico
22. El Salvador
23. Uruguay
24. Venezuela
25. France

For individuals from countries not on this list, renouncing their original nationality is a prerequisite for obtaining Spanish citizenship.

Spanish and French Dual Nationality Agreement

In March 2021, a long-negotiated initiative between Pedro Sanchez, the president of Spain, and Emmanuel Macron, the president of France, finally became legally effective. This agreement enables citizens of Spain and France to obtain dual nationality without renouncing their original citizenship. The measure benefits over 300,000 Spanish citizens residing in France and more than 150,000 French nationals in Spain.

Key Benefits of Dual Citizenship

The advantages of holding dual citizenship, with both passports legally valid, are manifold:

1. Free movement and unrestricted entry to all European Union countries.
2. Exemption from tourist visa requirements in over 150 countries when using the Spanish passport.
3. The ability to transmit dual nationality to children and direct relatives.
4. Maintaining a connection to one's country of origin, preserving roots and emotional ties.

Renouncing Former Nationality

In most cases, foreigners applying for Spanish citizenship must undergo a renunciation procedure concerning their original nationality. The specific steps involved may vary depending on the country of origin, but several general guidelines apply.

1. Enter Spain, obtain a residence permit, and fulfil the required residency period to become eligible for citizenship. The duration of this period can range from 1, 2, 5, or 10 years, depending on the circumstances.
2. After meeting the residency requirement and maintaining continuous presence in Spain, initiate the application process. Once the application is accepted, and prior to taking the oath of allegiance, the individual must renounce their former passport.
3. Visit the consulate or embassy of their country of origin and sign the necessary documents to declare their intention to renounce their former citizenship.
4. Following renunciation, the former passport becomes invalid and cannot be used for travel or identification purposes.

How Can I Apply For Spanish Citizenship?

You can apply either online via the SEDE Electronica website or in person at one of the Civil Registry offices. To find out more including all of the details of doing so, please see our other article - Citizenship Spain: How To Become A Spanish National

Conclusion

Dual citizenship in Spain opens doors to various benefits and opportunities. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of the process, including the eligibility criteria, the list of countries with special treatment, the advantages of dual citizenship, and the procedure for renouncing former nationality. By understanding the intricacies of dual citizenship in Spain, individuals can make informed decisions and navigate the path to acquiring this valuable status.